The OSI (Open Systems Interconnection) model is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven abstraction layers. Each layer serves a specific purpose, and the model is designed to facilitate communication and interoperability between different systems. The OSI model was developed by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) to guide product developers and facilitate a common understanding of networking protocols and communication processes.
The seven layers of the OSI model are: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, and Application. Each layer encapsulates specific functions and interactions that contribute to the end-to-end communication between devices. The model starts with the Physical layer, which deals with the physical connection between devices, such as cables and hardware. The subsequent layers build on each other, with the Data Link layer managing data framing and error detection, the Network layer handling routing and addressing, and so on, up to the Application layer, which deals with user interfaces and application-level protocols.
One of the key benefits of the OSI model is its modularity. Each layer can be developed and implemented independently, allowing for flexibility and scalability in network design. Additionally, the model provides a common language and reference point for network engineers and developers across the globe, fostering interoperability and the development of standardized protocols. While not every network strictly adheres to the OSI model, its principles continue to influence the design and understanding of modern networking systems.
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